收藏 ｜ 设为首页 广告服务 ｜ 联系我们 ｜ 在线留言
高级检索

干旱区地理 >

2022 , Vol. 45 >Issue 4: 1082 - 1092

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.443

气候与水文

2017—2019年中天山北坡城市群大气污染及污染天气类型特征

  • 李淑婷 ,
  • 李霞 ,
  • 毛列尼·阿依提看 ,
  • 钟玉婷 ,
  • 王慧琴
展开
  • 1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    2.中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    3.新疆树木年轮生态实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
李淑婷（1992-）,女,助理研究员,主要从事大气环境方面的研究. E-mail: lishuting@idm.cn

收稿日期: 2021-10-03

  修回日期: 2022-01-20

  网络出版日期: 2022-08-11

基金资助

中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2019004);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2017013);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM2020001);石河子冬季重污染天气预报研判科研及业务课题;国家自然科学基金(41575011)

收起

Characteristics of air pollution and its polluted weather types of urban agglomeration on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains from 2017 to 2019

  • Shuting LI ,
  • Xia LI ,
  • AYIKAN Mauren ,
  • Yuting ZHONG ,
  • Huiqin WANG
Expand
  • 1. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
    2. Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
    3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Ecology, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China

Received date: 2021-10-03

  Revised date: 2022-01-20

  Online published: 2022-08-11

Fold

摘要

利用2017—2019年中天山北坡城市群（乌鲁木齐市、昌吉市、石河子市、五家渠市）逐时大气污染物监测数据及气象数据,分析了大气污染物年内变化和污染天气类型特征。结果表明：（1） 中天山北坡4座城市6类大气污染物中PM2.5超标日数最多（年均94~104 d）,年均浓度介于64~73 μg·m-3,且五家渠市>乌鲁木齐市>石河子市>昌吉市。采暖期PM2.5浓度在100~118 μg·m-3之间,是非采暖期的4.00~5.00倍,靠近山前地带的城市PM2.5浓度日变化大体呈现“双峰双谷型”。（2） 4座城市污染天气类型主要分为静稳型、沙尘型和特殊型,其中静稳型占86.2%~93.6%、沙尘型占5.8%~13.2%。静稳型污染天气多出现在冬季,沙尘型主要出现在春、秋季节。静稳型污染天气中Ⅴ-Ⅵ级污染级别占比45.8%~56.6%,沙尘型污染天气中Ⅴ-Ⅵ级污染级别占比14.9%~29.4%。（3） 静稳型和沙尘型污染天气下PM2.5和PM10浓度都存在显著的线性相关,前者PM10浓度是PM2.5的1.26倍,而后者达3.16倍,此倍数可以作为区分静稳型和沙尘型污染天气的判据。

关键词： 超标日; 污染物浓度; 污染天气类型; 静稳型天气; 沙尘型天气

本文引用格式

李淑婷 , 李霞 , 毛列尼·阿依提看 , 钟玉婷 , 王慧琴 . 2017—2019年中天山北坡城市群大气污染及污染天气类型特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022 , 45(4) : 1082 -1092 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.443

Abstract

The air pollution in urban agglomeration (Urumqi City, Changji City, Shihezi City, Wujiaqu City) on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, china is more serious than that in several eastern urban agglomerations. However, the characteristics of air pollution and corresponding polluted synoptic weathers on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains are poorly understood. Herein, the variation characteristics of air pollutants and polluted synoptic types were analyzed using the hourly air pollutant data and meteorological data of four cities on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains collected from 2017 to 2019. Results showed that: (1) among the six pollutants, PM2.5 was the primary pollutant with the maximum number of days exceeding the second standard of particulate matter in China at nearly 1/3 days (94-104 days) in a whole year. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were ranked as follows: Wujiaqu City (73 μg·m-3) > Urumqi City (71 μg·m-3) > Shihezi City (65 μg·m-3) > Changji City (64 μg·m-3). PM2.5 concentration during the heating period was between 100 μg·m-3 and 118 μg·m-3, which was 4.00-5.00 times higher than that during the nonheating period. The diurnal variation of PM2.5 concentration almost followed “bimodal distribution” for the three cities near the mountains but showed “unimodal distribution” for Wujiaqu City. (2) The polluted weather can be divided into three types: stagnant, dusty, and special. 86.2%-93.6% of the study area belonged to stagnant pollution, whereas 5.8%-13.2% experienced dusty pollution. Stagnant pollution mostly occurred in winter, whereas dusty pollution primarily occurred in spring and autumn. Stagnant pollution level V-VI accounted for 45.8%-56.6%, and dusty pollution at the same level accounted for 14.9%-29.4%. (3) The correlation between the PM10 and PM2.5 of these two pollution types was extremely high, and the PM10 to PM2.5 ratios were 1.26 and 3.16 for stagnant and dusty pollution, respectively. These values can be used to distinguish between stagnant and dusty pollution weathers.

Key words： exceedance day; pollutant concentration; polluted weather types; stagnant weather; dusty weather

参考文献

[1] 中华人民共和国国务院. 大气污染防治行动计划[EB/OL]. [2013-09-12]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2013-09/13/content_4561.html.
[1] [State Council of the People’s Republic of China. Action plan for prevention and control of air pollution[EB/OL]. [2013-09-12]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2013-09/13/content_4561.html. ]
[2] Li M, Liu H, Geng G N, et al. Anthropogenic emission inventories in China: A review[J]. National Science Review, 2017, 4(6): 834-866.
[3] 中华人民共和国生态环境部. 2013年3月和第一季度中国74个城市的空气质量报告[EB/OL]. [2013-04-19]. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2013-04/20/content_2382956.html.
[3] [Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Air quality report of 74 cities in China for March and the first quarter of 2013[EB/OL]. [2013-04-19]. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2013-04/20/content_2382956.html. ]
[4] Geng G N, Xiao Q Y, Zheng Y X, et al. Impact of China’s air pollution prevention and control action plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China[J]. Earth Sciences, 2019, 62(12): 1872-1884.
[5] 王英, 李令军, 刘阳. 京津冀与长三角区域大气NO2污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(11): 3685-3692.
[5] [ Wang Ying, Li Lingjun, Liu Yang. Characteristics of atmospheric NO2in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and the Yangtze River Delta analyzed by satellite and ground observation[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(11): 3685-3692. ]
[6] 李令军, 王占山, 张大伟, 等. 2013-2014年北京大气重污染特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(1): 27-35.
[6] [ Li Lingjun, Wang Zhanshan, Zhang Dawei, et al. Analysis of heavy air pollution episodes in Beijing during 2013-2014[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(1): 27-35. ]
[7] 刘端阳, 魏建苏, 严文莲, 等. 1980-2012年江苏省城市霾日的时空分布及成因分析[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(9): 3247-3255.
[7] [ Liu Duanyang, Wei Jiansu, Yan Wenlian, et al. Trends of urban haze in Jiangsu Province China over the past 33 years[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(9): 3247-3255. ]
[8] 廖志恒, 孙家仁, 范绍佳, 等. 2006-2012年珠三角地区空气污染变化特征及影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015, 35(2): 329-336.
[8] [ Liao Zhiheng, Sun Jiaren, Fan Shaojia, et al. Variation characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution in Pearl River Delta area from 2006 to 2012[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015, 35(2): 329-336. ]
[9] 肖丹华, 王式功, 张莹, 等. 四川盆地城市群6种大气污染物的时空分布[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 54(5): 662-669.
[9] [ Xiao Danhua, Wang Shigong, Zhang Ying, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of six kinds air pollutants in cities in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 54(5): 662-669. ]
[10] 张忠地, 邵天杰, 黄小刚, 等. 2017年京津冀地区PM2.5污染特征及潜在来源分析[J]. 环境工程, 2020, 38(2): 99-106, 134.
[10] [ Zhang Zhongdi, Shao Tianjie, Huang Xiaogang, et al. Characteristics and potential sources of PM2.5 pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in 2017[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2020, 38(2): 99-106, 134. ]
[11] 曹云擎, 王体健, 韩军彩, 等. “2+26”城市一次污染过程PM2.5化学组分和来源解析研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020, 40(2): 361-372.
[11] [ Cao Yunqing, Wang Tijian, Han Juncai, et al. Study on chemical components and source apportionment of PM2.5 during a pollution episode in “2+26” cities[J]. Acta Scientia Circumstantiae, 2020, 40(2): 361-372. ]
[12] 宁贵财. 四川盆地西北部城市群冬季大气污染气象成因及其数值模拟研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2018.
[12] [ Ning Guicai. Meteorological causes of air pollution in the northwest urban agglomeration of Sichuan Basin in winter and their numerical simulation[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2018. ]
[13] 赵敬国, 王式功, 张天宇, 等. 兰州市大气重污染气象成因分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2015, 35(5): 1547-1555.
[13] [ Zhao Jingguo, Wang Shigong, Zhang Tianyu, et al. The analysis of meteorological factors causing heavy air pollution in Lanzhou[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(5): 1547-1555. ]
[14] 王跃思, 姚利, 刘子锐, 等. 京津冀大气霾污染及控制策略思考[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2013, 58(3): 353-363.
[14] [ Wang Yuesi, Yao Li, Liu Zirui, et al. Formation of haze pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and their control strategies[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013, 58(3): 353-363. ]
[15] 李霞, 杨静, 麻军, 等. 乌鲁木齐重污染日的天气分型和边界层结构特征研究[J]. 高原气象, 2012, 31(5): 1414-1423.
[15] [ Li Xia, Yang Jing, Ma Jun, et al. Researches of weather pattern and boundary layer structure characteristics on serious air pollution days in Urumqi[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2012, 31(5): 1414-1423. ]
[16] 李霞, 贾健. 复杂地形多尺度气流对城市大气污染影响的研究进展[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2016, 10(6): 1-10.
[16] [ Li Xia, Jia Jian. Research of the influence of the air flows on multiple scales on the transport and diffusion mechanisms of urban air pollution over the complex terrains[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2016, 10(6): 1-10. ]
[17] 赵克明, 李霞, 卢新玉, 等. 峡口城市乌鲁木齐冬季大气污染的时空分布特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2014, 37(6): 1108-1118.
[17] [ Zhao Keming, Li Xia, Lu Xinyu, et al. Wintertime temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants in the mountain gap town Urumqi[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37(6): 1108-1118. ]
[18] 闵月. 天山北坡乌昌石地区污染天气过程的气象特征研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2020.
[18] [ Min Yue. The meteorological characteristics of air pollution in northern slope of Tianshan Mountains[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2020. ]
[19] 刘慧, 谢良兵, 陈志峰. 乌昌石城市群: 新疆的希望之地[J]. 中国国家地理, 2013, 53(10): 152-161.
[19] [ Liu Hui, Xie Liangbing, Chen Zhifeng. Wuchangshi City group: The land of hope in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese National Geography, 2013, 53(10): 152-161. ]
[20] 李令军, 王英, 李金香, 等. 2000-2010北京大气重污染研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32(1): 23-30.
[20] [ Li Lingjun, Wang Ying, Li Jinxiang, et al. The analysis of heavy air pollution in Beijing during 2000-2010[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32(1): 23-30. ]
[21] 吴虹, 张彩艳, 王静, 等. 青岛环境空气PM10和PM2.5污染特征与来源比较[J]. 环境科学研究, 2013, 26(6): 583-589.
[21] [ Wu Hong, Zhang Caiyan, Wang Jing, et al. Comparative study on pollution characteristics and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in Qingdao[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 26(6): 583-589. ]
[22] 肖致美, 毕晓辉, 冯银厂, 等. 宁波市环境空气中PM10和PM2.5来源解析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(5): 549-555.
[22] [ Xiao Zhimei, Bi Xiaohui, Feng Yinchang, et al. Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in urban area of Ningbo City[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 25(5): 549-555. ]
[23] 刘琳, 张正勇, 刘芬, 等. 天山北坡经济带城市PM2.5质量浓度时空分布及模拟分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018, 31(11): 1849-1857.
[23] [ Liu Lin, Zhang Zhengyong, Liu Fen, et al. Spatial-temporal distribution and simulation analysis of PM2.5 concentration of the cities in the northern slope economic zone of Tianshan Mountain[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 31(11): 1849-1857. ]
[24] 赵克明, 李霞, 阿不力米提江·阿布力克木, 等. 乌鲁木齐大气颗粒物的时空分布规律[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 264-271.
[24] [ Zhao Keming, Li Xia, Ablikim Ablimitjan, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric particulates over Urumqi during the latest 3 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2018, 41(2): 264-271. ]
[25] 孙秀艳, 刘毅, 寇江泽. 京津冀及周边地区大气重污染成因更为清晰[N]. 人民日报, 2019-3-21( 7).
[25] [ Sun Xiuyan, Liu Yi, Kou Jiangze. Causes of heavy air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas clearer[N]. People’s Daily, 2019-3-21( 7). ]
[26] 孙玫玲, 穆怀斌, 吴丹朱, 等. 天津城区秋季PM2.5质量浓度垂直分布特征研究[J]. 气象, 2008, 34(10): 60-66.
[26] [ Sun Meiling, Mu Huaibin, Wu Danzhu, et al. Vertical distribution characteristics of PM2.5mass concentration in the atmosphere over Tianjin[J]. Meteorology Monthly, 2008, 34(10): 60-66. ]
[27] 王京丽, 谢庄, 张远航, 等. 北京市大气细粒子的质量浓度特征研究[J]. 气象学报, 2004, 62(1): 104-111.
[27] [ Wang Jingli, Xie Zhuang, Zhang Yuanhang, et al. The research on the mass concentration characteristics of fine particles in Beijing[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2004, 62(1): 104-111. ]
[28] 王式功, 杨德保, 陈长和. 兰州市不同季节大气污染物时空变化规律的对比分析[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 1994, 30(3): 150-155.
[28] [ Wang Shigong, Yang Debao, Chen Changhe. An analysis and comparation on time-space changing regularity of air pollutant concentration in different season in Lanzhou[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science Edition), 1994, 30(3): 150-155. ]
[29] 吕新生, 王旭, 蔡仁, 等. 乌鲁木齐辖区山谷风环流特征的分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1172-1180.
[29] [ Lü Xinsheng, Wang Xu, Cai Ren, et al. Characteristics of mountain-valley breeze in Urumqi area[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2016, 39(6): 1172-1180. ]
[30] 李霞. 峡口城市乌鲁木齐冬季重污染的机理研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2013.
[30] [ Li Xia. Research on formation mechanism of air pollution in the Gap Town Urumqi in winter[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013. ]
[31] 赵克明, 李娜, 李霞, 等. 乌鲁木齐冬季焚风天气过程大气扩散条件特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1534-1544.
[31] [ Zhao Keming, Li Na, Li Xia, et al. Characteristic analysis of atmospheric diffusion conditions of winter foehn weather process in Urumqi City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1534-1544. ]
[32] 蔡仁, 李霞, 赵克明, 等. 乌鲁木齐大气污染特征及气象条件的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(增刊1): 40-48.
[32] [ Cai Ren, Li Xia, Zhao Keming, et al. The air pollution characteristics and the impact of meteorological conditions in Urumqi[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 37(Suppl. 1): 40-48. ]
[33] 方修琦, 李令军, 谢云. 沙尘天气过境前后北京大气污染物质量浓度的变化[J]. 北京师范大学学报 (自然科学版), 2003, 39(3): 407-411.
[33] [ Fang Xiuqi, Li Lingjun, Xie Yun. Difference of air pollution during the duststorm process in Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2003, 39(3): 407-411. ]
[34] 李振杰, 金莉莉, 何清, 等. 乌鲁木齐市城区和郊区近地层比湿分布和廓线特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(4): 977-996.
[34] [ Li Zhenjie, Jin Lili, He Qing, et al. Characteristics of specific humidity distribution and profiles in Urumqi City and suburbs[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(4): 977-996. ]
[35] 王英, 李令军, 李成才. 北京大气能见度和消光特性变化规律及影响因素[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015, 35(5): 1310-1318.
[35] [ Wang Ying, Li Lingjun, Li Chengcai. The variation characteristics and influence factors of atmospheric visibility and extinction effect in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015, 35(5): 1310-1318. ]
[36] 徐丽娜, 李忠, 胡亚男, 等. 2019年冬季呼和浩特市大气污染频发的气象条件分析[J]. 干旱气象, 2021, 39(1): 112-118.
[36] [ Xu Li’na, Li Zhong, Hu Ya’nan, et al. Analysis on meteorological conditions about frequent air pollution in Hohhot in winter of 2019[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2021, 39(1): 112-118. ]
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉