区域发展

不同地理环境下“空间贫困陷阱”分异机制比较——基于大别山与黄土高原的实证

  • 孙健武 ,
  • 高军波 ,
  • 马志飞 ,
  • 喻超 ,
  • 张欣怡
展开
  • 1.信阳师范学院地理科学学院,河南 信阳 464000
    2.信阳师范学院旅游学院,河南 信阳 464000
    3.信阳师范学院河南省精准扶贫与乡村振兴软科学研究基地,河南 信阳 464000
孙健武(1993-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事乡村贫困与乡村转型发展研究. E-mail: sunjwx@163.com

收稿日期: 2021-05-26

  修回日期: 2021-09-21

  网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(U1904125);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18YJA840003);信阳师范学院研究生科研创新基金项目资助(2020KYJJ37)

Comparison of spatial poverty trap formation mechanisms in different geographical environments: A case of Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau

  • Jianwu SUN ,
  • Junbo GAO ,
  • Zhifei MA ,
  • Chao YU ,
  • Xinyi ZHANG
Expand
  • 1. School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
    2. School of Tourism, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
    3. The Center of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China

Received date: 2021-05-26

  Revised date: 2021-09-21

  Online published: 2022-04-02

摘要

脱贫攻坚战的打赢使贫困治理的目光转向缓解相对贫困,脱贫人口与相对贫困人口的重合性决定了集中连片特困地区仍将是我国解决贫困问题的主战场。以大别山区的新县和黄土高原地区的延长县为例,以贫困发生率为因变量,从“人”、“业”、“地”3个维度选取自变量,综合运用空间自相关和地理探测器等方法,解析不同地理环境下贫困空间分异模式与作用机制。结果表明:大别山区贫困空间集聚为点状和团块状相间分布为主,黄土高原地区则以团块状为主。大别山区“地”和“业”2个维度对空间贫困作用显著,黄土高原地区则“人”、“业”、“地”3个维度相对均衡。承载空间“地”的资源丰度带来的生存压力不同两地贫困形成机制的差异所在,黄土高原地区基于足够的生存资源,在相对封闭的空间中形成3个维度的负向循环累积,而大别山区在资源匮乏作用下,个体生存理性抉择下选择外出务工,从而打破贫困累积的循环。

本文引用格式

孙健武 , 高军波 , 马志飞 , 喻超 , 张欣怡 . 不同地理环境下“空间贫困陷阱”分异机制比较——基于大别山与黄土高原的实证[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022 , 45(2) : 650 -659 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2022.244

Abstract

With the success of the fight against poverty, the focus of poverty governance has shifted to relative poverty. The overlap between the absolute and relatively poor shows that concentrated contiguous areas with extreme poverty will remain the main battlefield for China to solve the poverty problem. The causes and mechanisms of poverty of poor farmers in different natural geographical environments are quite different. Analyzing and comparing rural poverty-causing factors and differentiation mechanisms under the same scale and different geographical environments can more clearly show the outstanding problems of regional poverty and the common problems of comprehensive regional poverty. Taking the Xinxian County of Dabie Mountains and Yanchang County of the Loess Plateau as examples, taking the incidence of poverty as the dependent variable, selecting independent variables from the three dimensions of “person, origin, and land” comprehensively using spatial autocorrelation, geographic detectors, and other methods to analyze the characteristics and mechanism of the spatial differentiation of poverty in different geographical environments. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial agglomeration of poverty in the Dabie Mountains is mainly distributed in dots and clumps, whereas the Loess Plateau is mainly distributed in clumps. The level of spatial poverty agglomeration in the Loess Plateau is significantly higher than that in the Dabie Mountains. (2) The two dimensions of “land” and “industry” in the Dabie Mountains significantly affect spatial poverty, whereas the three dimensions of “people, industry, and land” in the Loess Plateau are relatively balanced. However, the incidence of poverty in the Loess Plateau is lower than that in the Dabie Mountains, indicating that the occurrence of spatial poverty is independent of the dimensions of poverty-causing factors, but more importantly, its mode and depth of action. (3) The distance to the county center ranks first in the determinative power of each factor in the Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau, with 0.179 and 0.198, respectively. Additionally, the total population of the village in the Dabie Mountains (0.124), distance from the township government (0.070), and proportion of migrant workers’ income in the income structure (0.070) are the main influencing factors. In the Loess Plateau region, the proportion of children under 15 years old (0.162), the proportion of crop income in the income structure (0.159), per capita net income (0.159), and the proportion of primary school education or above (0.140) are the main impact factors. (4) The difference in subsistence pressure brought about by the abundance of “land” resources in the carrying space is the source of the difference in poverty formation mechanisms between the two places. The Loess Plateau has formed a three-dimensional negative circulation accumulation in a relatively closed space based on sufficient living resource. However, the Dabie Mountains area is under the effect of lack of resources, and individual survival rationally chooses to go out to work; thus, breaking the cycle of accumulation of poverty.

参考文献

[1] 刘彦随, 周扬, 刘继来. 中国农村贫困化地域分异特征及其精准扶贫策略[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(3):269-278.
[1] [ Liu Yansui, Zhou Yang, Liu Jilai. Regional differentiation characteristics of rural poverty and targeted poverty alleviation strategy in China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(3):269-278. ]
[2] 刘彦随, 李进涛. 中国县域农村贫困化分异机制的地理探测与优化决策[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1):161-173.
[2] [ Liu Yansui, Li Jintao. Geographic detection and optimizing decision of the differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1):161-173. ]
[3] 叶兴庆, 殷浩栋. 从消除绝对贫困到缓解相对贫困:中国减贫历程与2020年后的减贫战略[J]. 改革, 2019(12):5-15.
[3] [ Ye Xingqing, Yin Haodong. From eliminating absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty: China’s history of poverty reduction and poverty reduction strategies after 2020[J]. Reform, 2019(12):5-15. ]
[4] 汪三贵, 刘明月. 从绝对贫困到相对贫困: 理论关系、战略转变与政策重点[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2020(6):18-29, 189.
[4] [ Wang San’gui, Liu Mingyue. From absolute poverty to relative poverty: Theoretical relationships, strategic shifts and policy priorities[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2020(6):18-29, 189. ]
[5] 高军波, 喻超, 戈大专, 等. 不同地理环境下农户致贫机理的多尺度比较——以河南省为例[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(9):1690-1702.
[5] [ Gao Junbo, Yu Chao, Ge Dazhuan, et al. Multiscale analysis of poverty creation for farming households in different geographical environments: A case study of Henan Province[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(9):1690-1702. ]
[6] Rupasingha A, Goetz S J. Social and political forces as determinants of poverty: A spatial analysis[J]. The Journal of Socioeconomics, 2007, 36(4):650-671.
[7] 周扬, 李寻欢. 平原农区贫困地理格局及其分异机制——以安徽省利辛县为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(10):1592-1601.
[7] [ Zhou Yang, Li Xunhuan. Geographical pattern and mechanism of poverty differentiation in plain areas: A case study of Lixin County, Anhui Province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(10):1592-1601. ]
[8] 李玉恒, 武文豪, 宋传垚, 等. 世界贫困的时空演化格局及关键问题研究[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(1):42-50.
[8] [ Li Yuheng, Wu Wenhao, Song Chuanyao, et al. Spatial-temporal pattern of world poverty reduction and key problems analysis[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(1):42-50. ]
[9] 张远新, 董晓峰. 论脱贫攻坚的中国经验及其意义[J]. 浙江社会科学, 2021(2):4-10, 155.
[9] [ Zhang Yuanxin, Dong Xiaofeng. The valuable experience and great significance of China’s poverty alleviation[J]. Zhejiang Social Sciences, 2021(2):4-10, 155. ]
[10] 文琦, 施琳娜, 马彩虹, 等. 黄土高原村域多维贫困空间异质性研究——以宁夏彭阳县为例[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(10):1850-1864.
[10] [ Wen Qi, Shi Linna, Ma Caihong, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of multidimensional poverty at the village level: Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(10):1850-1864. ]
[11] 潘竟虎, 冯娅娅. 中国农村深度贫困的空间扫描与贫困分异机制的地理探测[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4):769-788.
[11] [ Pan Jinghu, Feng Yaya. Spatial distribution of extreme poverty and mechanism of poverty differentiation in rural China based on spatial scan sta-tistics and geographical detector[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(4):769-788. ]
[12] 葛咏, 刘梦晓, 胡姗, 等. 时空统计学在贫困研究中的应用及展望[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(1):58-74.
[12] [ Ge Yong, Liu Mengxiao, Hu Shan, et al. The application and prospect of spatiotemporal statistics in poverty research[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2021, 23(1):58-74. ]
[13] Burke W J, Jayne T S. Spatial disadvantages or spatial poverty traps: Household evidence from rural Kenya[M]. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2008: 2-26.
[14] Bied K, Mckay A, Shinyekwa I. Isolation and poverty: The relationship between spatially differentiated access to goods and services and poverty[C]//Chronic Poverty Research Centre. International aid and Development. London: Chronic Poverty Research Centre Press, 2007: 1-16.
[15] 赵春雨, 温瑞霞, 杨娜. 皖西地区贫困空间分异的影响机制[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(12):2916-2928.
[15] [ Zhao Chunyu, Wen Ruixia, Yang Na. The influence mechanism of poverty spatial differentiation in western Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(12):2916-2928. ]
[16] 刘倩, 张戬, 何艳冰, 等. 秦巴山特困区农户生计资本及生计策略研究——以商洛市为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(1):237-247.
[16] [ Liu Qian, Zhang Jian, He Yanbing, et al. Livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of the farmer household in the exceptional poverty regions of Qinling-Daba mountainous area: A case of Shangluo City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(1):237-247. ]
[17] 刘小鹏, 李永红, 王亚娟, 等. 县域空间贫困的地理识别研究——以宁夏泾源县为例[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(3):545-557.
[17] [ Liu Xiaopeng, Li Yonghong, Wang Yajuan, et al. Geographical identification of spatial poverty at county scale: A case study of Jingyuan County, Ningxia Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(3):545-557. ]
[18] 高军波, 韩勇, 喻超, 等. 河南省县域农作物生产空间格局演变及专业化分区研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019, 40(7):152-163.
[18] [ Gao Junbo, Han Yong, Yu Chao, et al. Spatial evolution and specialization division of county crops production in Henan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2019, 40(7):152-163. ]
[19] 张向敏, 罗燊, 李星明, 等. 中国空气质量时空变化特征[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2):190-199.
[19] [ Zhang Xiangmin, Luo Shen, Li Xingming, et al. Spatio-temporal variation features of air quality in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(2):190-199. ]
[20] 王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器: 原理与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1):116-134.
[20] [ Wang Jinfeng, Xu Chengdong. Geodetector: Principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1):116-134. ]
[21] 石天戈, 时卉. 基于地理探测器的乌鲁木齐城市扩张特征与时空驱动因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(3):867-876.
[21] [ Shi Tiange, Shi Hui. Urban expansion and its temporal and spatial driving forces of Urumqi based on geo-detector method[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3):867-876. ]
[22] 丁建军, 冷志明. 区域贫困的地理学分析[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(2):232-247.
[22] [ Ding Jianjun, Leng Zhiming. Regional poverty analysis in a view of geography science[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(2):232-247. ]
[23] 罗必良. 论生态经济系统的边界[J]. 农业现代化研究, 1991, 12(5):29-32.
[23] [ Luo Biliang. On the boundary of ecological economic system[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 1991, 12(5):29-32. ]
[24] 李雨欣, 薛东前, 马蓓蓓, 等. 黄土高原地区农村贫困空间演化及偏远特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(2):534-543.
[24] [ Li Yuxin, Xue Dongqian, Ma Beibei, et al. Spatial evolution and remote characteristics of rural poverty in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2):534-543. ]
[25] 喻超, 孙健武, 高军波. 从政府公开信息看脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有机衔接——基于河南省53个贫困县的大数据分析[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2021, 41(4):38-44.
[25] [ Yu Chao, Sun Jianwu, Gao Junbo. Organic connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization from the perspective of government public information: A big data analysis based on 53 poor counties in Henan Province[J]. Journal of Xinyang Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2021, 41(4):38-44. ]
[26] 贺雪峰, 董磊明. 农民外出务工的逻辑与中国的城市化道路[J]. 中国农村观察, 2009(2):12-18, 95.
[26] [ He Xuefeng, Dong Leiming. The logic of peasant’s work in the city and the path of Chinese urbanization[J]. China Rural Survey, 2009(2):12-18, 95. ]
文章导航

/