以吐鲁番市高昌区为例,利用1990、2000、2010年和2018年4期遥感影像解译获取研究区土地利用变化数据,基于格网尺度,综合运用土地利用转移矩阵、核密度估计、生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率等方法,定量分析研究期内高昌区城市化地区、农产品主产区、生态功能区三大主导功能区土地利用转型的时空格局特征及生态环境效应。结果表明：（1） 1990—2018年高昌区三大主导功能区土地利用转型的空间格局表现为农产品主产区用地面积总体增加,城市化地区用地面积波动增长,生态功能区用地面积则呈现减少趋势。研究期内土地利用空间集聚性中部高于北部和南部,2018年北部的空间集聚性增强。（2） 1990—2018年高昌区生态环境高质量区和低质量区在减少,较高质量区以及较低质量区在增多。中部有生态环境质量改善的趋势,而北部和西南部有生态环境退化的趋势,但总体退化趋势略小于改善趋势,生态环境质量趋向于良性发展。本文通过研究期内高昌区土地利用转型及其生态环境效应的定量分析,以期为协调高昌区土地资源的可持续利用与生态环境保护提供借鉴。

As one of the important nodes of the “One Belt One Road”, Gaochang District of Turpan City, Xinjiang, China has developed rapidly in recent years. The population is constantly concentrating in the city center. The demand for construction land has continued to increase. Gaochang District is located in the desert oasis, a typical “ecologically fragile area with a relatively backward economy”. The vulnerability of the ecological environment is the main challenge of ecological civilization construction in the region. This paper uses the four phases of land use status remote sensing monitoring data (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018) based on a 5 km×5 km grid-scale, starting from the urbanized, main agricultural production, and ecological function areas. This paper starts from the large-scale dominant function area, using the land use transfer matrix and kernel density estimation to study the characteristics of land use transition in Gaochang District from 1990 to 2018. It uses the regional ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution rate method to analyze the land use in Gaochang District. During the study period, a quantitative analysis of the effects of transformation on the ecological environment is expected to provide a reference for coordinating the sustainable use of land resources and ecological environment protection in the Gaochang District. The results are as follows. (1) From 1990 to 2018, the landuse area of urbanization area in Gaochang District has a fluctuating trend, distributed in the middle of the Gaochang District. The landuse area in the main production areas of agricultural products shows an overall increasing trend, distributed in patches in the Gaochang District. In the middle part, the area of the ecological function zone shows a decreasing trend, with the most widespread distribution covering a large area in Gaochang District. From 1990 to 2018, the deserted and concentrated landuse in the Gaochang District was higher in the middle part than that in the north and south. In 2018, the land and agricultural area of northern mine increased, driving local economic growth, increased nuclear density, and spatial aggregation enhancement. (2) From 1990 to 2018, the high-quality and low-quality areas of the ecological environment of the Gaochang District are decreasing, whereas the higher-quality and lower-quality areas are increasing. The conversion of unused land to grassland is the main reason for improving the ecological environment in the Gaochang District. This is because the conversion of grassland land to unused land is responsible for the degradation of the ecological environment in some areas of Gaochang District. The central part of the Gaochang District has a trend of improving ecological environment quality, whereas the northern and southwestern parts have a trend of ecological environment degradation. The overall ecological environment degradation trend is slightly smaller than the improvement trend, and the ecological environment quality of the Gaochang District is developing in a good direction.