吐鲁番盆地人工增水作业区域与作业时机选择

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用吐哈盆地2011-2015年逐时FY-2E静止气象卫星红外云图资料，吐鲁番市1976-2015年5个国家气象站和2013-2015年26个区域气象站降水资料，采用卫星资料反演和统计分析方法，首次定义T_K（地面气温与云顶亮温的差值）来规避地面辐射对卫星接收辐射的影响，分析吐鲁番盆地各级别TBB（-10~-20℃、-20~-30℃、-30~-40℃、-40~-50℃）云的分布状况及其与降水的关系、降水的时空分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明，吐鲁番盆地TBB各级别云覆盖度与海拔高度显著正相关，云量从盆地平原区向山区递增；T_K的月变化同月降水具有较好的正相关性，TK正值时段4~8月与盆地汛期相对应，T_K极大值对应月降水量最大的6月；降水与海拔高度显著正相关，降水先随海拔高度增加而增多，1 400~1 900 m区域是降水量和降水垂直变率最大的区域，之后降水随海拔高度增加而减少；降水高度集中在夏季与秋季，6月降水最多（占3~4成）；降水集中出现在白天，平原地区集中在早晨至中午，山区集中在下午至傍晚。综合分析得出吐鲁番盆地人工增水作业区域、作业月份、作业"时间窗"选择的参考依据，其中最佳作业区域在1 400~1 900 m，最佳作业月份为6月，最佳作业"时间窗"为上午的06~10时与下午的14~18时。

关键词: 吐鲁番盆地, TBB, 降水量, 云覆盖度, 增水作业

Abstract: Based on three kinds of data over Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, China, the hourly FY-2E infrared cloud image data from 2011 to 2015, the precipitation data of 5 state meteorological stations from 1976 to 2015 and the precipitation data of 26 reginal meteorological stations from 2013 to 2015, by using satellite data retrieval and statistical analysis, this paper first proposed the definition of T_K(the difference of ground temperature and TBB)to avoid the effects of terrestrial radiation to satellite reception, analyzed the distribution of cloud under different levels of TBB(-10~-20℃, -20~-30℃, -30~-40℃, -40~-50℃)and its relationship with precipitation, and analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and change trends of precipitation. The development potential of cloud water resources in Turpan area was discussed based on the TBB and precipitation data. The results show that in Turpan Basin, the cloud cover under all levels of TBB were positively correlated with altitude, the cloudiness increased from plain to mountainous basin; the monthly variation of T_K had good positive correlation with the monthly precipitation characteristics, the positive time period of T_K, April to August, corresponded to the basin flood period, and the maximum value of T_K appeared in June which corresponded to the month of the maximum precipitation; the precipitation was overall positively correlated with altitude, first the precipitation increased with the increase of altitude, region of 1 400-1 900 m had the largest precipitation and the vertical change rate of precipitation, then precipitation decreased with the increase of altitude. Seasonally, precipitation was highly concentrated in summer and autumn, and reached the maximum in June(accounting 30%-40% of the annual rainfall). During a day, precipitation mainly concentrated in daytime in basin, from morning to noon in plain area, and from afternoon to nighttime in mountainous area. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the best artificial increasing water working area is 1 400-1 900 m region, the best job month is June, the best job "time window" are 6:00-10:00 in the morning and 14:00-18:00 in the afternoon.

Key words: Turpan Basin, TBB, precipitation, cloud coverage, artificial precipitation

中图分类号:

P481

谢友文, 张慧琴, 朱浩, 余华, 肖婧. 吐鲁番盆地人工增水作业区域与作业时机选择[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(5): 958-966.

XIE You-wen, ZHANG Hui-qin, ZHU Hao, YU Hua, XIAO Jing. Artificial anstau area and operation opportunity selection in Turpan Basin[J]. , 2017, 40(5): 958-966.

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