西藏山南地区沉错湖泊与径流水化学特征及主控因素初探

干旱区地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 737-745.

西藏山南地区沉错湖泊与径流水化学特征及主控因素初探

王利杰^1,2,4, 曾辰^1,2, 王冠星^1,2,4, 史晓楠^1,2, 张凡^1,2,3

1. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所环境与地表过程实验室, 北京 100101;
2. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所高寒生态学与生物多样性重点实验室, 北京 100101;
3. 中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101;
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-03-12 修回日期:2017-06-04 出版日期:2017-07-25
通讯作者: 史晓楠(1982-),副研究员,研究方向:水文及其物质迁移.Email:shixiaonan@itpcas.ac.cn
作者简介:王利杰(1991-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:水环境化学.Email:wanglijie@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41422101）

Chemical characteristics and impact factors of the Drem-tso Lake and supplying runoff in the Southern Tibet

WANG Li-jie^1,2,4, ZENG Chen^1,2, WANG Guan-xing^1,2,4, SHI Xiao-nan^1,2, ZHANG Fan^1,2,3

1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Beijing 100101, China;
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-03-12 Revised:2017-06-04 Online:2017-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取枪勇冰川径流-卡鲁雄曲（河）-沉错（湖）为研究区域，开展高原湖泊及其补给河流与冰川径流的水化学特征研究，并探讨影响主离子组成的主控因素。结果表明：夏季湖水主要离子呈均匀混合状态，pH值、电导率、TDS及优势阴阳离子在整个湖泊空间上变化不显著；总体上，从上游冰川融水径流、河水至下游湖泊，离子浓度呈现上升趋势；融水径流及河水的水化学类型主要受岩石风化作用控制，表现为SO₄^2--Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺类型；沉错湖水的水化学类型主要受蒸发结晶作用控制，表现为SO₄^2--Na⁺-Ca²⁺类型，在蒸发作用下Ca²⁺逐渐沉淀析出，Na⁺浓度不断升高而成为绝对优势阳离子。

关键词: 高原湖泊, 水化学特征, 主离子组成, Gibbs, 主控因素

Abstract: Chemical characteristics and ion compositions are important indices of water environment,and have important indicative effect on climate and environment changes. The Qiangyong Glacier-Karuxung River-Dremtso Lake located in the southern Tibet(90°8'10″-90°38'38″ E,28°46'21″-29°0'28″N,elevation:4 390-7 185 m) was chosen as the study area. A total of 115 water samples were collected from 13 points during July and August 2015,including 1 point in the Qiangyong Glacier runoff,1 point in the Karuxung River,and 11 points in the Drem-tso Lake. TDS,pH,and EC of the glacier runoff and river water were tested using Multi-Parameter PCSTestrTM 35,while TDS,pH,EC,temperature,and turbidity of the lake water were tested by EXO-2 multi parameter water quality instrument. The cation concentrations of Ca²⁺,K⁺,Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ were tested with ICP-OES and the anion concentrations of Cl^-,NO₃^- and SO₄^2- were analyzed with ICS-900. The study preliminarily analyzed the chemical characteristics and controlling factors of the Drem-tso Lake and its supplying runoff. Although the lake water temperature showed stratification phenomenon,pH,EC,TDS,and dominant ionic concentrations of the lake water did not show significant spatial variation during the sampling period. The uniform distribution of lake water chemical characteristics indicated that sampling at individual point in the lake had the potential to study the chemical characteristics of the Drem-tso Lake,as long as keeping away from the locations close to the supplying runoff. From the upstream glacier melting water,down to the midstream river and the downstream lake water,the TDS,EC and major ion concentrations generally increased. The average EC was 154,440,1 529 μs·cm^-1 while the average TDS was 121,346,1 219 mg·L^-1 in the glacier runoff,the river and the lake water,respectively. The EC and TDS of the lake water were nearly 10 times of the glacier runoff,and about 3.5 times of the river water. The chemical type of the Qiangyong Glacier runoff and the Karuxung River water were both SO₄^2--Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺, controlled by the weathering of rocks. Major ions of the Drem-tso Lake water were mostly from the supplying runoff and mainly controlled by evaporation and crystallization,resulting in the chemical type of SO₄^2--Na⁺-Ca²⁺ due to the low solubility of calcium carbonate but high solubility of sodium salt.

Key words: plateau lake, water chemistry characteristics, major ion composition, Gibbs, controlling factor

中图分类号:

P342

王利杰, 曾辰, 王冠星, 史晓楠, 张凡. 西藏山南地区沉错湖泊与径流水化学特征及主控因素初探[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(4): 737-745.

WANG Li-jie, ZENG Chen, WANG Guan-xing, SHI Xiao-nan, ZHANG Fan. Chemical characteristics and impact factors of the Drem-tso Lake and supplying runoff in the Southern Tibet[J]. , 2017, 40(4): 737-745.

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