近9 a来乌鲁木齐河流域中上游土地利用/覆盖及其质量变化分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以Landsat系列卫星遥感影像数据为基础，解译了2006、2010和2014年三期乌鲁木齐河流域中上游土地利用/覆盖信息，并以生长季内各月归一化植被指数（NDVI）的平均值表征土地利用/覆盖类型的质量状况，从土地利用/覆盖的空间分布和质量变化两方面对该地区进行了综合分析。结果表明：（1）近9 a间，乌鲁木齐河流域中上游林地面积基本保持不变，草地新增12.78 km²，建设用地扩展了5.01 km²，新开垦耕地3.84 km²。（2）研究区土地利用/覆盖质量总体呈现微弱退化趋势，其中耕地退化最为严重，变化趋势为-1.5%·a^-1，林地和自然草地的质量基本保持不变，而城市和道路绿化草地却呈现显著改善。（3）研究区土地利用/覆盖变化主要受人类活动干扰影响，植被的改善与退化共存，其中显著改善的区域占全区的5.92%，而显著退化的区域占全区的9.45%，显著退化的面积大于显著改善的面积。

关键词: 乌鲁木齐河流域上游, 土地利用/覆盖变化, 土地利用/覆盖质量, NDVI

Abstract: The land use/cover changes(LUCC) plays an important role in ecosystem stability, human existence and sustainable development of society. It is important to comprehensively understand LUCC. On the one hand, it can help to understand the characteristics of regional environment and the change mechanism of ecological system, and further guide the controlling and planning for region environment. On the other hand, it is important for regional space guarantee in ecological system stability and sustainable development. The Urumqi River basin belongs to the semi-arid region in northwest China, and has fragile ecosystems. With the severe climate change and rapid urbanization, the environment problems that caused by LUCC in Urumqi River basin have aroused great concern from the government and the public. However, the study of LUCC in Urumqi River basin has been reported rarely in recent years, thus it is necessary to comprehensively research the LUCC in Urumqi River basin. Based on remote sensing image from Landsat series of satellite in 2006, 2010 and 2014, the data of land use/cover in the middle and upper reaches of Urumqi River were interpreted. The quality in different land use/cover types were characterized as the month average NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) during growing season within the scope of its land use/cover type. Based on these data, the changes in spatial pattern and quality for land use/cover in the middle and upper regions of Urumqi River basin during 2006-2014 were analyzed. The results show as follows:(1) In recent 9 years, the area of forest was relative stable, while the area of grassland increased 12.78 km². Attributed to the intensive human intervention, the areas of construction land and farmland increased 5.01 km² and 3.84 km², respectively.(2) Although the NDVI in both forest and natural grassland did not change, a significant improvement was found in residential green. However, a slight degradation trend with a linear tendency of 1.5%·a^-1 was detected in the entire study area, which was more attributed to the decline of NDVI in farmland.(3) The disturbance of human activities was identified as the main driver that caused regional land use/cover change. Meanwhile, the destruction and protection worked at the same time in different part of vegetation, but the former effect was stronger than the latter. Specifically, the significantly improved and degraded area accounted for 5.92% and 9.45% of the total area, respectively.

Key words: the middle and upper reaches of Urumqi River, LUCC, the quality of land use/cover, NDVI

中图分类号:

TP79

张东海, 朱文泉, 郑周涛, 刘宪锋, 刘焱序. 近9 a来乌鲁木齐河流域中上游土地利用/覆盖及其质量变化分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1334-1341.

ZHANG Dong-hai, ZHU Wen-quan, ZHENG Zhou-tao, LIU Xian-feng, LIU Yan-xu. Change in spatial pattern and quality for land use/cover in the middle and upper reaches of Urumqi River in recent 9 years[J]. , 2016, 39(6): 1334-1341.

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