地下水位下降驱动克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲过渡带柽柳群落退化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.547

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1375-1384.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.547 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025547

地下水位下降驱动克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲过渡带柽柳群落退化

彭雪庆¹^,²^,³(), 陈宏阳¹^,²^,³, 董盛田子¹^,²^,³, 秦甜甜¹^,²^,³, 陈胜杰¹^,²^,³, 王寒月¹^,²^,³()

¹ 石河子大学生命科学学院，新疆石河子 832003
² 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲城镇与山盆系统生态兵团重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003
³ 石河子大学生命科学学院，新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-11-26 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-07
通讯作者: 王寒月（1993-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事干旱区应用生态学研究. E-mail: why1993@shzu.edu.cn
作者简介:彭雪庆（2003-），女，本科生，主要从事干旱区应用生态学研究. E-mail: 20221006152@stu.shzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0603)

Degradation of Tamarix chinensis community in desert-oasis ecotone of the Keriya River Basin driven by the decline of groundwater level

PENG Xueqing¹^,²^,³(), CHEN Hongyang¹^,²^,³, DONG Shengtianzi¹^,²^,³, QIN Tiantian¹^,²^,³, CHEN Shengjie¹^,²^,³, WANG Hanyue¹^,²^,³()

¹ College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
² Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
³ Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-11-26 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

克里雅河流域的荒漠-绿洲过渡带是维护绿洲稳定的关键生态屏障。作为该区域建群种，柽柳群落的健康对维持生态系统功能至关重要。然而，该区域的柽柳群落正面临严重退化威胁，其主导驱动机制尚不明确。通过对克里雅河流域下游30个样地的野外调查，结合冗余分析和结构方程模型，旨在揭示驱动柽柳群落退化的关键环境因子及其生态阈值。结果表明：（1）该区域柽柳群落已出现大面积严重退化，其中69.2%的样地为强度或极强度退化。（2）地下水位是调控柽柳群落健康的最核心因子，其下降直接导致柽柳枯枝率显著增加（标准化路径系数=0.65），并间接影响群落盖度。（3）柽柳群落生长的最适地下水位为3.48 m，其健康生长的地下水位阈值为2.59~4.38 m，当水位低于该范围时，群落退化风险将急剧增加。研究量化了地下水位与柽柳群落退化之间的关系，并确定了关键生态阈值，为该脆弱生态系统的保护修复提供科学依据。

关键词: 荒漠-绿洲过渡带, 柽柳群落多样性, 地下水位阈值, 克里雅河流域

Abstract:

The desert oasis ecotone in the Keriya River Basin is a crucial ecological barrier safeguarding oasis stability. As the dominant species in this region, the Tamarix chinensis community is vital for maintaining ecosystem function. However, severe degradation threats face the community and the dominant driving mechanisms remain unclear. By analyzing field surveys from 30 sampling sites along the lower reaches of the Keriya River Basin of Xinjiang in China using redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling, the aim of this study was to identify the key environmental factors driving degradation of the T. chinensis community and to identify their ecological thresholds. The following results were obtained. (1) Large-scale severe degradation has occurred across the region; 69.2% of sampling sites were classified as severely or extremely degraded. (2) Groundwater level is the core factor regulating T. chinensis community health; a decline in groundwater level leads directly to a significant increase in dead branch percentage (standardized path coefficient=0.65) and indirectly affects community coverage. (3) The optimal groundwater depth for healthy T. chinensis growth is 3.48 m, and the acceptable depth range is 2.59-4.38 m. When the groundwater depth is outside of this range, the risk of community degradation is sharply increased. This study has quantified the relationship between groundwater level and T. chinensis community degradation and identified the key ecological thresholds, thereby providing a scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of this fragile ecosystem.

Key words: desert-oasis ecotone, Tamarix chinensis community diversity, groundwater level threshold, Keriya River Basin

彭雪庆, 陈宏阳, 董盛田子, 秦甜甜, 陈胜杰, 王寒月. 地下水位下降驱动克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲过渡带柽柳群落退化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(7): 1375-1384.

PENG Xueqing, CHEN Hongyang, DONG Shengtianzi, QIN Tiantian, CHEN Shengjie, WANG Hanyue. Degradation of Tamarix chinensis community in desert-oasis ecotone of the Keriya River Basin driven by the decline of groundwater level[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(7): 1375-1384.

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分层	属名	种名	相对密度	相对盖度	相对频度	重要值
灌木层	柽柳属（Tamarix）	多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）	0.4332	0.0354	0.4375	0.3020
	柽柳属（Tamarix）	刚毛柽柳（Tamarix hispida）	0.2003	0.0076	0.2031	0.1370
	枸杞属（Lycium）	黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）	0.0199	0.0001	0.0156	0.0119
	盐穗木属（Halostachys）	盐穗木（Halostachys caspica）	0.0142	0.0010	0.0469	0.0207
	白刺属（Nitraria）	白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）	0.0128	0.0010	0.0313	0.0150
	花花柴属（Karelinia）	花花柴（Karelinia caspia）	0.1392	0.7605	0.1563	0.3520
草本层	芦苇属（Phragmites）	芦苇（Phragmites australis）	0.1790	0.1934	0.0938	0.1554
草本层	骆驼刺属（Alhagi）	骆驼刺（Alhagi camelorum）	0.0014	0.0010	0.0156	0.0060

地下水位下降驱动克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲过渡带柽柳群落退化

Degradation of Tamarix chinensis community in desert-oasis ecotone of the Keriya River Basin driven by the decline of groundwater level

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