西北“水三线”生态经济体系与调控模式研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.562

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1355-1365.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.562

西北“水三线”生态经济体系与调控模式研究

党小虎¹(),邓铭江^2,³(),李鹏^3,⁴,曹小曙^5,⁶,隋博洋¹,时鹏^3,⁴,张甜^5,⁶,艾泽民⁷

1.西安科技大学地质与环境学院，陕西西安 710054
2.新疆寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
3.西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，陕西西安 710048
4.旱区生态水文与侵蚀灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室，陕西西安 710048
5.陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心，陕西西安 710119
6.陕西师范大学西北城镇化与国土环境空间模拟重点实验室，陕西西安 710119
7.西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院，陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2022-10-31 修回日期:2022-11-27 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-09-21
通讯作者: 邓铭江（1960-），男，博士，教授级高级工程师，中国工程院院士，主要从事干旱区水资源研究与水利工程建设管理等方面的研究. E-mail: xjdmj@163.com
作者简介:党小虎（1968-），男，博士，教授，主要从事生态经济、生态修复与水土保持等方面的研究. E-mail: dangxh2018@xust.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国工程院重点咨询项目(2020-XZ-15);宁夏流域水土保持生态-经济协同治理技术与发展模式研究项目资助

Ecological-economic system and paradigms of “three water-related lines” area in northwest China

DANG Xiaohu¹(),DENG Mingjiang^2,³(),LI Peng^3,⁴,CAO Xiaoshu^5,⁶,SUI Boyang¹,SHI Peng^3,⁴,ZHANG Tian^5,⁶,AI Zemin⁷

1. College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Ecological Water Conservancy in Cold and Arid Area of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
4. Key Laboratory National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China
5. Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
6. Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Environment Simulator in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
7. College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China

Received:2022-10-31 Revised:2022-11-27 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-09-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展以及新时代推进西部大开发形成新格局的战略背景下，地跨黄河流域和内流河流域的西北“水三线”，如何顺应生态本底、资源禀赋和经济社会发展水平，落实2个重大战略，因地制宜构建区域特色的生态经济体系框架及协调发展模式，是当前亟待解决的重大问题。基于已有的生态经济理论成果，遵循“绿水青山就是金山银山”发展理念和“人与自然和谐共生”的系统理念，构建西北“水三线”生态经济体系概念框架，识别体系子系统之间的相互作用关系与作用路径，基于核心理论和基础评价，提出适应西北“水三线”生态经济系的四大发展模式和四大生态经济枢纽区建设，进行生态农业建设布局与农业发展模式总结，明确生态经济枢纽区的城乡统筹发展基本路径。研究认为西北“水三线”生态经济体系概念框架可为建设西北内陆型生态经济枢纽区及其核心模式、实现区域生态-经济协调发展提供关键理论支撑。

关键词: 西北“水三线”, 生态经济体系, 调控模式, 区域生态-经济协调发展

Abstract:

In the contexts of the national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, as well as of the new era of development in western China, it is necessary to alter the ecological conditions and resource endowment of the “three water-related lines” area in northwest China (an area occupying two distinct basins of the Yellow River and the inland rivers) and to innovate a framework and paradigms for coordinated ecological-economic development specific to the area. Based on existing ecological-economics theories, as well as on the developing philosophy of “a benign environment equal to wealth” and the concept of the “human-nature community”, we propose a conceptual ecological-economic framework for the “three water-related lines” area, in which we identify the interactions between subsystems and their mechanisms and suggest four paradigms and four eco-economic hub areas. Further, we propose a layout for modern agriculture and indicate the pathway to coordinated urban and rural development in the four suggested eco-economic hub areas. We conclude that the proposed “three water-related lines” ecological-economic framework represents a theoretical foundation on which to base decisions concerning the layout of socio-economic development and ecological-environmental protection, the construction of ecological-economic hubs, and the overall harmonious ecological-economic development of northwest China.

Key words: “three water-related lines” area in northwest China, ecological-economic system, regulation paradigms, regional ecological-economic harmonization

党小虎, 邓铭江, 李鹏, 曹小曙, 隋博洋, 时鹏, 张甜, 艾泽民. 西北“水三线”生态经济体系与调控模式研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(8): 1355-1365.

DANG Xiaohu, DENG Mingjiang, LI Peng, CAO Xiaoshu, SUI Boyang, SHI Peng, ZHANG Tian, AI Zemin. Ecological-economic system and paradigms of “three water-related lines” area in northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1355-1365.

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年份	生态足迹/10⁸ ghm²	生态承载力/10⁸ ghm²	生态赤字/10⁸ ghm²	人均生态足迹/ghm²	人均生态承载力/ghm²	人均生态赤字/ghm²	生态压力指数
2000	1.033	1.165	0.132	1.163	1.312	0.149	0.887
2005	1.584	1.193	-0.391	1.691	1.273	-0.418	1.328
2010	2.320	1.255	-1.065	2.368	1.281	-1.087	1.849
2015	2.958	1.308	-1.650	2.912	1.288	-1.625	2.262
2018	2.911	1.314	-1.597	2.797	1.262	-1.535	2.216

类型区	年均降水量/mm	作物水分盈余量/mm	主要结构	主要功能
半干旱区	250~400	-60~20	农牧交错型牧业+集雨型种植业+保护性林业	调节：保持土壤，涵养水源，调节气候供给：粮果牧产品，淡水资源
半湿润偏旱区	400~500	20~110	集雨型种植业+舍饲养殖业+经济型林业	调节：保持土壤，涵养水源，调节气候供给：粮果牧产品，淡水资源
半湿润区	500~600	>110	节水型种植业+舍饲养殖业+经济型林业	调节：保持土壤，涵养水源，调节气候供给：粮果牧产品，淡水资源

类型区	年均降水量/mm	作物水分盈余量/mm	主要结构	主要功能
干旱区	<200	<-220	防护型林业+草地畜牧业+典型绿洲农业	调节：防风固沙，调节气候供给：畜牧和粮棉产品
半干旱偏旱区	200~250	-130~-100	草地畜牧业+牧用型林业+边际种植业	调节：防风固沙，调节气候供给：畜牧产品

类型区	年均降水量/mm	主要结构	主要功能
干旱区	<200	绿洲农耕+秸秆饲料+舍饲养殖	调节：防风固沙；供给：畜牧产品
半干旱偏旱区	200~250	人工草地+天然牧草+放牧养殖	调节：防风固沙；供给：畜牧产品
半干旱区	260~450	农林草+舍饲养殖与放牧结合+农牧	调节：保持土壤，涵养水源；供给：农林畜牧产品，淡水资源

西北“水三线”生态经济体系与调控模式研究

Ecological-economic system and paradigms of “three water-related lines” area in northwest China

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