国土空间规划背景下畜牧业生产适宜性评价与分区——以锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.549

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有“双评价”方法对牧区县域生产空间落位指导性较差的问题，探索畜牧业生产适宜性评价方法，实现牧区县域生产空间合理划分。以锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗为例，通过计算畜牧业生产概率偏差与畜牧业生产密度，求解研究区畜牧业生产强度，并结合牧区空间管控与地形限制等因素，运用空间自相关分析实现畜牧业生产适宜性分区。结果表明：（1）镶黄旗畜牧业生产密度远超《锡林郭勒盟草地适宜载畜量核定工作指导意见》中载畜量标准，畜牧业生产概率偏差呈网络化分布趋势，畜牧业生产强度较高区域相对集中。（2）畜牧业生产限制指数高值区主要分布于浑善达克沙地边缘、中心镇区；畜牧业生产限制指数低值区域主要分布于宝格达音高勒苏木全域、翁贡乌拉苏木南部与巴音塔拉镇的昆都仑嘎查、汗乌拉嘎查等。（3）畜牧业生产强度与畜牧业生产限制指数Moran’s I为-0.0944，两者呈空间负相关，聚集效应显著且相似性较差。（4）镶黄旗畜牧业生产适宜性分区可分为畜牧业发展重点区、禁止畜牧业生产区、畜牧业生产转移区、退牧生态修复区、畜牧业发展高、中、低弹性区。国土空间规划背景下，科学评价牧区县域畜牧业生产适宜性，对于指导牧区“划区轮牧”具有重要现实意义，同时对于探索草原牧区地域性空间规划理论与方法具有一定理论意义。

关键词: 国土空间规划, “双评价”, 畜牧业生产适宜性, 牧业旗县, 分区优化, 锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗

Abstract:

Because the existing “double evaluation” method is ineffective in predicting the production spatial location of pastoral counties, the evaluation method of livestock production suitability was investigated to realize the rational division of production function spatial zoning in pastoral counties. Considering Xianghuang Banner (County), Xilin Gol League (Prefecture), Inner Mongolia, China, as an example, the probability deviation of livestock production and the density of livestock production were calculated to solve the problem of intensity of livestock production in the study area. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to realize the suitability zoning of livestock production by combining the spatial control and terrain restriction of the pastoral area. The results revealed that: (1) The livestock production density in Xianghuang Banner considerably exceeded the livestock carrying standard in the “Guidance on the Approval of Suitable Livestock Carrying Capacity in Xilin Gol League”. The probability deviation of livestock production exhibited a network distribution trend, and areas with high livestock production intensity were concentrated. (2) The areas with high limit index of livestock production were distributed in the edge and central town of Otintag Sandy Land. The areas with low limit index of livestock production were distributed in the area of Bogdayingaole Sumu (Township), the south of Wongula Sumu (Township), Kundulun Gacha (Village) and Hanwula Gacha (Village) of Bayintala town. (3) The livestock production intensity and the livestock production restriction index (Moran’s I) were −0.0944, which revealed a spatial negative correlation, with significant aggregation effect and poor similarity. (4) The suitability zones of animal husbandry production in Xianghuang Banner can be categorized into key areas of animal husbandry development, prohibited areas of animal husbandry production, transfer areas of animal husbandry production, ecological restoration areas of animal husbandry retreat, and areas of high, medium, and low elasticity of animal husbandry development. Under territorial spatial planning, the scientific evaluation of the suitability of livestock production at the county level in pastoral areas is critical for guiding regional “zoning and rotation grazing” and has theoretical significance for exploring regional spatial planning theories and methods in pastoral areas.

Key words: land and space planning, “double evaluation”, suitability of livestock production, livestock production banners, zoning optimization, Xianghuang Banner of Xilin Gol League

荣丽华, 李伊彤. 国土空间规划背景下畜牧业生产适宜性评价与分区——以锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(7): 1166-1175.

RONG Lihua, LI Yitong. Suitability evaluation and zoning of livestock production under the background of national land space planning: A case of Xianghuang Banner of Xilin Gol League[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(7): 1166-1175.

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影响维度	影响因素	赋值说明
草场资源	草地类型	将高、中、低覆盖度草原分别赋值9、7、5
	归一化植被指数（NDVI）12个月均值	采用自然间段点法分为5类，由高到低分别赋值9、7、5、3、1
	净初级生产力（NPP）10 a均值/g C·m^-2·a^-1	采用自然间段点法分为5类，由高到低分别赋值9、7、5、3、1
放牧偏好因子	坡向	将坡向分为平地、东南、南、西南、北、东北、东、西和西北8类，分别标为9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1
	坡度/(°)	将坡度分为0°~3°、3°~5°、5°~8°、8°~12°、12°~15°、15°~18°、18°~21°、21°~25°、25°~30°、30°~35°，坡度由小到大依次赋值10~1
	土地利用类型	按照适牧性等级，将对土地利用类型由小到大赋值9~1
便利性因子	距居民点距离/m	以200 m为间隔由小到大依次赋值9~1
	距河流水系距离/m	以300 m为间隔由小到大依次赋值9~1
	距道路距离/m	以100 m为间隔由小到大依次赋值9~1