六盘山区两类雾物理结构的初步观测研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.382

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 574-582.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.382

六盘山区两类雾物理结构的初步观测研究

党张利^1,²(),穆建华^1,²(),闫军¹,曹宁^1,²,常倬林^1,²

1.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002
2.宁夏回族自治区人工影响天气中心，宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2022-08-03 修回日期:2022-08-29 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-28
通讯作者: 穆建华（1981-），男，高级工程师，主要从事人工影响天气等方面的研究. E-mail: musa328@163.com
作者简介:党张利（1988-），女，工程师，主要从事人工影响天气等方面的研究. E-mail: 1336833529@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BEG02010);国家自然科学基金项目(42075073);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03489);中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室项目(CAMP-202106)

Preliminary observations study of physical structures of two types of fog in Liupan Mountain areas

DANG Zhangli^1,²(),MU Jianhua^1,²(),YAN Jun¹,CAO Ning^1,²,CHANG Zhuolin^1,²

1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
2. Ningxia Weather Modification Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China

Received:2022-08-03 Revised:2022-08-29 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2020年在六盘山区观测高山雾获得的隆德、泾源、六盘山气象站地面能见度、温度、相对湿度、风等常规观测资料和微波辐射计温度、相对湿度垂直观测资料，初步分析了六盘山区大范围和仅山顶出现雾时的环流形势和温湿垂直演变特征。结果表明：六盘山区大范围雾过程和仅山顶雾过程都是受槽前暖湿气流影响，降温增湿导致的，两类雾过程地面相对湿度大于95%，以偏南风为主，隆德和泾源气象站能见度多在200 m以上，六盘山气象站一半以上时间能见度低于200 m。六盘山气象站的雾生消迅速，强浓雾持续时间较长，逆温层厚度增厚早于强浓雾出现的时间，垂直发展深厚，雾发展成熟时逆温层厚度达到1130 m，隆德气象站随着雾发展逆温层厚度也有增厚，但远远小于六盘山气象站，而六盘山气象站逆温强度弱于隆德气象站。随着雾的发展，相对湿度存在明显的向上延伸现象，90%以上相对湿度延伸到1040 m，同时六盘山气象站在出现强浓雾时隆德气象站微波辐射计能够观测到600 m左右的饱和区，这对分析六盘山区典型高山雾垂直演变具有重要意义。

关键词: 雾, 物理结构, 观测研究, 六盘山区

Abstract:

Based on the routine observation data of ground visibility, temperature, relative humidity, wind and other meteorological stations in Longde, Jingyuan and Liupan Mountain Meteorological Station obtained from the observation of mountain fog in Liupan Mountain, northwest China in 2020, and the vertical observation data of microwave radiometer temperature and relative humidity, the circulation situation and the vertical evolution characteristics of temperature and humidity in Liupan Mountain were preliminarily analyzed when the fog occurred in a large range and only at the top of the mountain. The results show that both the large-scale fog process and the mountaintop fog process in Liupan Mountain areas are caused by the warm and humid air flow in front of the trough and the cooling and humidification. The relative humidity on the ground during the two types of fog is more than 95%, mainly southerly winds. The visibility of Longde and Jingyuan Meteorological Stations is more than 200 m, and the visibility of Liupan Mountain Meteorological Station is less than 200 m for more than half of the time; The fog at Liupan Mountain is generated and dissipated rapidly, and the strong fog lasts for a long time. The thickness of inversion layer thickens earlier than the time of strong fog, when the fog is mature, the thickness of the inversion layer reaches 1130 m, with the development of fog, the thickness of inversion layer at Longde Meteorological Station has also increased, but it is far less than that at Liupan Mountain Meteorological Station, and the intensity of inversion at Liupan Mountain Meteorological Station is weaker than that at Longde Meteorological Station. With the development of fog, the relative humidity has an obvious upward extension phenomenon, with more than 90% of the relative humidity extending to 1040 m, at the same time, the microwave radiometer of Longde Meteorological Station can observe a saturated area of about 600 m when there is strong fog at Liupan Mountain Meteorological Station, which is of great significance to analyze the vertical evolution of typical mountain fog in Liupan Mountain.

Key words: fog, physical structures, preliminary observations, Liupan Mountain area

党张利, 穆建华, 闫军, 曹宁, 常倬林. 六盘山区两类雾物理结构的初步观测研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(4): 574-582.

DANG Zhangli, MU Jianhua, YAN Jun, CAO Ning, CHANG Zhuolin. Preliminary observations study of physical structures of two types of fog in Liupan Mountain areas[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(4): 574-582.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 20

[1]	李子华. 中国近40年来雾的研究[J]. 气象学报, 2001, 59(5): 616-624.
	[Li Zihua. Studies of fog in China over the past 40 years[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2001, 59(5): 616-624.]
[2]	Niu S J, Lu C S, Yu H Y, et al. Fog research in China: An overview[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2010, 27(3): 639-661. doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8174-8
[3]	刘小宁, 张洪政, 李庆祥, 等. 我国大雾的气候特征及变化初步解释[J]. 应用气象学报, 2005, 16(2): 220-230.
	[Liu Xiaoning, Zhang Hongzheng, Li Qingxiang, et al. Preliminary research on the climatic characteristics and change of fog in China[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2005, 16(2): 220-230.]
[4]	Niu S J, Lu C S, Liu Y G, et al. Analysis of the microphysical structure of heavy fog using a droplet spectrometer: A case study[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2010, 27(6): 1259-1275. doi: 10.1007/s00376-010-8192-6
[5]	何立富, 陈涛, 毛卫星. 华北平原一次持续性大雾过程的成因分析[J]. 热带气象学报, 2006, 22(4): 340-350.
	[He Lifu, Chen Tao, Mao Weixing. The formation of a sustained heavy fog event in North Plain[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2006, 22(4): 340-350.]
[6]	郭丽君, 郭学良. 利用地基多通道微波辐射计遥感反演华北持续性大雾天气温、湿度廓线的检验研究[J]. 气象学报, 2015, 73(2): 368-381.
	[Guo Lijun, Guo Xueliang. Verification study of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles retrieved from the ground-based multi-channels microwave radiometer for persistent foggy weather events in northern China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2015, 73(2): 368-381.]
[7]	郭丽君, 郭学良. 北京2009—2013年期间持续性大雾的类型、垂直结构及物理成因[J]. 大气科学, 2016, 40(2): 296-310.
	[Guo Lijun, Guo Xueliang. Vertical structure and physical formation mechanism of persistent heavy fog events during 2019—2013 in the Beijing region[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2016, 40(2): 296-310.]
[8]	马禹, 任宜勇, 陈春艳, 等. 40年来新疆雾的演变特征及大雾天气过程分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2005, 28(4): 474-478.
	[Ma Yu, Ren Yiyong, Chen Chunyan, et al. Change characteristic of fog and analysis on weather process of heavy fog in Xinjiang in nearly 40 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2005, 28(4): 474-478.]
[9]	李艳春, 李艳芳, 高娜, 等. 银川市雾霾天气的气象条件分析及概念模型建立[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(6): 1127-1133.
	[Li Yanchun, Li Yanfang, Gao Na, et al. Meteorological conditions analysis and conceptual model establishment of fog and haze days in Yinchuan City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2017, 40(6): 1127-1133.]
[10]	郑玉萍, 李景林. 乌鲁木齐近31年大雾天气气候特征分析[J]. 气象, 2008, 34(8): 22-28.
	[Zheng Yuping, Li Jinglin. A study of the climatic characteristics of heavy fog in Urumqi in recent 31 years[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2008, 34(8): 22-28.]
[11]	陆春松, 牛生杰, 岳平, 等. 南京冬季雾多发期边界层结构观测分析[J]. 大气科学学报, 2011, 34(1): 58-65.
	[Lu Chunsong, Niu Shengjie, Yue Ping, et al. Observation research on boundary layer structure during high incidence period of winter fog in Nanjing[J]. Transaction of Atmospheric Sciences, 2011, 34(1): 58-65.]
[12]	于华英, 牛生杰, 刘鹏, 等. 2007年12月南京六次雨雾过程宏、微观结构演变特征[J]. 大气科学, 2015, 39(1): 47-58.
	[Yu Huaying, Niu Shengjie, Liu Peng, et al. Evolution of the macro-and microphysical properties of precipitation fog in December 2007 in Nanjing[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2015, 39(1): 47-58.]
[13]	吕晶晶, 牛生杰, 张羽, 等. 湛江东海岛一次春季海雾的宏微观结构及边界层演变特征[J]. 气象学报, 2014, 72(2): 350-365.
	[Lü Jingjing, Niu Shengjie, Zhang Yu, et al. Evolution characteristics of the macro-/micro-structure and the bundary layer during a spring heavy sea fog episode in Donghai Island in Zhanjiang[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2014, 72(2): 350-365.]
[14]	吕晶晶, 牛生杰, 赵丽娟, 等. 湛江地区一次冷锋型海雾微物理特征[J]. 大气科学学报, 2014, 37(2): 208-215.
	[Lü Jingjing, Niu Shengjie, Zhao Lijuan, et al. Microphysical characteristics of a sea fog influenced by a cold front in Zhanjiang[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2014, 37(2): 208-215.]
[15]	Stekl J, Podzimck J. Old mountain meteorological station Milesovka (Donnersberg) in Central Europe[J]. Bulletin of American Meteorological, 1993, 74(5): 831-834. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0831:OMMSMI>2.0.CO;2
[16]	郭丽君, 郭学良, 楼小凤, 等. 庐山云雾及降水的日、季节变化和宏微观物理特征观测研究[J]. 气象学报, 2019, 77(5): 923-937.
	[Guo Lijun, Guo Xueliang, Lou Xiaofeng, et al. An observational study of diurnal and seasonal variations and microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over Mount Lu, Jiangxi, China[J]. Acta Meteoralogica Sinica, 2019, 77(5): 923-937.]
[17]	费冬冬, 牛生杰, 杨军, 等. 长江中上游冬季山地雾边界层特征及生消过程分析[J]. 大气科学学报, 2016, 39(2): 221-231.
	[Fei Dongdong, Niu Shengjie, Yang Jun, et al. Boundary layer characteristics and formation processes of winter valley fog in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Transaction of Atmospheric Sciences, 2016, 39(2): 221-231.]
[18]	邓雪娇, 吴兑, 唐浩华, 等. 南岭山地一次锋面浓雾过程的边界层结构分析[J]. 高原气象, 2007, 26(4): 881-889.
	[Deng Xuejiao, Wu Dui, Tang Haohua, et al. Analyses on boundary layer structure of a frontal heavy fog process in Nanling Mountain area[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2007, 26(4): 881-889.]
[19]	尤红, 杨明, 郭荣芬, 等. 云南昆洛高速峨山段典型山地雾的诊断分析[J]. 气象, 2008, 34(8): 87-94.
	[You Hong, Yang Ming, Guo Rongfen, et al. Diagnostic analysis of typical mountainous fog process in Eshan along Kunming-Daluo high way in Yunnan[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2008, 34(8): 87-94.]
[20]	张沛, 姚展予, 贾烁, 等. 六盘山地区空中云水资源特征及水凝物降水效率研究[J]. 大气科学, 2020, 44(2): 421-434.
	[Zhang Pei, Yao Zhanyu, Jia Shuo, et al. Study of the characteristics of atmospheric water resources and hydrometeor precipitaion efficiency over the Liupan Shan area[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2020, 44(2): 421-434.]

六盘山区两类雾物理结构的初步观测研究

Preliminary observations study of physical structures of two types of fog in Liupan Mountain areas

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 20

相关文章 3

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	刘奇勇. 雾霾天气对高校学生旅游意向影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(4): 1127-1135.
[2]	王研峰, 王蓉, 王聚杰, 尹宪志. 西北干旱半干旱区一次层状云系微物理特征分析 [J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(6): 1291-1300.
[3]	李艳春, 李艳芳, 高娜, 杨亚丽, 刘晓磊, 李浩. 银川市雾霾天气的气象条件分析及概念模型建立[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(6): 1127-1133.